La gamificación o ludificación, entendida como la aplicación de la filosofía del juego en contextos no lúdicos, está experimentando en los últimos años un desarrollo espectacular en áreas de diversa naturaleza. Si bien está más que comúnmente aceptado que las funciones principales de los museos consisten en preservar y dar a conocer sus colecciones, resulta fundamental que logren conectar de manera satisfactoria con los usuarios empleando para ello medios y estrategias innovadoras y accesibles. En las siguientes páginas ponemos de manifiesto (...) cómo la gamificación no es sino un recurso idóneo para motivar, fidelizar e influir en el comportamiento de los usuarios. (shrink)

Se analizará una aporía inherente al giro subjetivo del último Foucault causada por el sostenimiento simultáneo de dos sentidos incompatibles de la irreductibilidad del sujeto y, por lo tanto, de su posible emancipación: en unos casos es posible hacer referencia a procesos de subjetivación externos a las formas de subjetividad generadas por el poder ; pero, en otros, los procesos de emancipación no pueden ser pensados más allá de la resistencia al poder. La hipótesis del trabajo es que la aporía (...) está producida por la gradual marginación del problema del autoconocimiento en la temática del cuidado de sí, que, como resultado, pasa a ser comprendida exclusivamente desde las prácticas cínicas. Pero reducido el autoconocimiento, también es eliminada la problemática del cuidado de sí, que sostenía la noción fuerte de la subjetividad. Se mostrará que en el Barroco literario y neoestoico español se pueden encontrar elementos para recuperarla. (shrink)

En los últimos años se observa una tendencia a recuperar la tesis del innatismo moral desde el ámbito de las ciencias bio-antropológicas. Dicha tesis encuentra apoyo en el descubrimiento de ciertos universales morales y en la constatación de la capacidad humana de producir respuestas morales de forma inmediata. El autor de este trabajo, aun cuando considera plausible que en la conducta moral haya elementos innatos, mantiene que las pruebas aducidas incurren en la falacia del falso dilema: respecto a los universales (...) morales, pueden ser alcanzados racionalmente; respecto a las respuestas morales inmediatas, pueden ser resultado de un proceso de habituación. Para demostrar el carácter falaz de estas demostraciones, el autor se apoyará en la antropología moral de Zubiri. (shrink)

According to the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, the frequency of positive emotions is associated with the development of positive attitudes, cognitions, and behaviors in organizational contexts. However, positive and negative attitudes at work might also be influenced by different personal and job resources. While emotional intelligence has been significantly associated with positive job attitudes and personal well-being, no studies have yet examined the joint role of teacher happiness and emotional intelligence in key teacher job attitudes. The present study assesses (...) whether emotional intelligence interacts with levels of teacher happiness to jointly explain important teacher job attitudes. A total sample of 685 teaching professionals filled out a battery of scales including subjective happiness, emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Our results revealed that subjective happiness was significantly associated with both higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intention. Likewise, emotional intelligence was positively related to happiness and job satisfaction, and negatively related to turnover intention. Finally, interaction analysis showed the main effects of happiness and emotional intelligence in explaining teacher job attitudes. Beyond the main effects, the interaction effects of happiness and emotional intelligence were significant in predicting all teachers' job attitude indicators, even controlling for the effects of their sociodemographic variables. This work expands our knowledge about the role of teachers' positive emotions in the development of positive work attitudes, and also supports the inclusion of emotional skills in future teacher preparation programs as resources to facilitate work-related well-being. (shrink)

The relationship between social and financial performance (CSP – FP) has been a main objective in the literature on business management, as it would provide an economic justification for the social investment insofar as it contributes to the creation of value. This relationship has been empirically tested by several authors though without using a theoretical model that sustains this relationship. The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical model of the process of the creation of value from the (...) reputation generated by companies, integrating the factors that have been shown to be more relevant in this process from previous research, in such a way that hypotheses are put forward regarding the existence of this relationship and the factors that determine it. Finally, an empirical test is performed using the 100 most prestigious companies operating in Spain during 2004. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente trabajo explora el estatuto del arte en la filosofía de Spinoza, en el marco de la inversión copernicana que da origen a la estética y del barroco holandés. Si bien el pensamiento spinozista se inscribe en la conversión antropológica, en donde lo bello resulta ser un efecto en el sujeto y no una cualidad de los objetos, su comprensión del arte es inasimilable a la “estética” como ámbito diferenciado y autónomo que se consolida en el siglo XVIII, (...) y más bien concibe el arte integrado a la vida y a la experiencia común -a la vez que, en cuanto praxis de origen corporal al alcance de cualquiera, presenta puntos de contacto con las vanguardias históricas del siglo XX-. Spinoza, según se propone en este texto, concibe la producción de “obras de arte” menos como un hecho estético que como una actividad corporal éticamente orientada a la vida buena.: The present work explores the status of art in the philosophy of Spinoza, within the framework of the Copernican revolution that gives rise to aesthetics and the Dutch Baroque. Although the Spinozist thought is inscribed in the anthropological conversion by virtue of which beauty turns out to be an effect on the subject and not a property of objects, its understanding of art is unassimilable to "aesthetics" as a differentiated and autonomous area that it was consolidated in the eighteenth century, and rather conceived art integrated to life and common experience -at the same time, as praxis of bodily origin within the reach of anyone, presents points of contact with the historical avant-gardes of the twentieth century-. Spinoza conceives the production of "artworks" less as an aesthetic fact than as a body activity ethically oriented to the good life. (shrink)

Gracias a Genette, que identificó la voz narrativa y la diferenció del modo, es posible estudiar aspectos vinculados a las peculiaridades de quien se expresa en la narración. El estudioso francés planteó la importancia de la observación y del análisis de los aspectos relacionados con el tiempo y con el sujeto de la enunciación que residen en el discurso narrativo, pues sus múltiples variaciones reflejan uno de los valores identificativos de los textos contemporáneos. El lector es guiado por una voz (...) que transmite una información que, asumida y referida por la figura de un personaje o por una entidad independiente de la otra, pretende captar su atención y obtener con ella el pacto narrativo. Para que se dé esta situación, entre otros factores, debe articularse en función de las exigencias del lector posible. Estas, según Genette son las que reflejan las relaciones entre las diferentes instancias narrativas... (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to analyse the different meanings of the word “reality” in the work of Descartes. As a methodological strategy, a comparison with the conceptualization of the real in the work of Francisco Suárez is made. It makes possible to find a paradoxical tension between two conceptions of the real, the objective and the existential, in the work of both authors. It is argued that this tension is a typical character of the metaphysics in the baroque (...) period, better resolved by Descartes than by Suárez thanks to the theological foundation of knowledge proposed by the first. This foundation ensures the correspondence of the true ideas, known a priori, with extramental reality and it hinders the phenomenological and pre-Kantian interpretation of the cartesian ontology in terms of reduction of reality to realitas objectiva. (shrink)

This article establishes an analysis of the first contributions and the importance of the Critical and Positivist theories of accounting in Latin America over the years, through the study of scientific articles by recognized accounting experts from different countries on the theories.. Also, carry out a bibliographic examination of criticism and positivism applied to accounting, resulting in the correlation of concepts focused on accounting in Latin America. The type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach with the purpose of (...) developing a discussion of the Critical and Positivist theories of accounting in Latin America. Obtaining a greater scope to understand that this social science is immersed in two currents that are based on the fact that knowledge is obtained through practice and can be verified through scientific methods, establishing the importance of understanding the contributions that the critical and positivist theory in the field of accounting science. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of a brief informed consent quiz to detect consent comprehension in individuals with cognitive impairment and to explore the degree to which cognitive domains and recent substance use, independently, predict comprehension. We performed a secondary analysis of two cross-sectional studies in individuals with substance use disorders. The ICQ total score was used as the index test and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment as reference standard in receiver operating characteristic curves. Two (...) independent multiple binary logistic regression models were performed using cognitive domains and days of recent substance use as predictors of ICQ outcome. We analyzed data from 215 and 251 participants, respectively. The ICQ showed moderate accuracy for major cognitive impairment and lower accuracy for mild impairment. Optimal cutoff score was set at 10 points or less for detecting comprehension difficulty. Lower scores in Short-Term Memory, Attention, Language, and Orientation increased the probability of failing the ICQ. A procedure including both the ICQ and cognitive screening measure could improve the accuracy of consent comprehension assessments. (shrink)

En este trabajo se analiza la tesis foucaultiana de la reducción de la filosofía a forma de conocimiento en Descartes y el consecuente abandono de la espiritualidad clásica, es decir, de la filosofía concebida como forma de vida basada en el cuidado de sí. A partir de aquí, además de observar que el propio Foucault matizará esta tesis, se demostrará que en Descartes la filosofía sigue esencialmente unida a la espiritualidad.

En este trabajo se analizan las claves utópicas e ideológicas que atraviesan la reflexión suareciana en torno al derecho humano. En primer lugar, si bien la unidad e inmutabilidad del derecho natural en Suárez está asegurada por la capacidad que todos los humanos tienen de alcanzar racionalmente sus principios, la medida de esta racionalidad está dada por elementos específicos de la cultura europea, considerando como evidentes preceptos que son sólo creencias naturalizadas de una experiencia histórica particular. En segundo lugar, respecto (...) del derecho civil, aunque es cierto que Suárez acepta la posibilidad de comunidades políticas orientadas al bien común de forma inmanente -es decir, sin necesidad de abrazar el cristianismo-, introduce multitud de elementos que limitan esta posibilidad. En tercer lugar, respecto al derecho de gentes, si bien implica una limitación de la soberanía de todas las comunidades, a causa de la mutua ayuda que requieren para su supervivencia, su forma está dada por las fuerzas imperialistas europeas. El trabajo concluye preguntándose hasta qué punto estas dinámicas no perviven hoy en los Derechos Humanos y el derecho internacional. (shrink)

Se presentan los rasgos de la actitud humanista de Machado atendiendo a cómo quedaron plasmados en _Juan de Mairena_, pero también a cómo van emergiendo en el resto de su obra. Machado no hace un tratamiento unitario de la temática humanista, sino que esta se halla dispersa por sus escritos. Por ello ha sido necesario fijar un criterio que ayude a decantar sus líneas fundamentales, subrayando aquellos rasgos que permiten mostrar cómo este humanismo se sitúa más allá de las críticas (...) procedente de las formas de pensamiento antihumanistas desarrolladas en el siglo XX, tales como el esencialismo, el antropocentrismo, el mito progresista, el individualismo o el elitismo. El resultado final será el de un humanismo que defiende la dignidad del ser humano a partir de su constitutiva indigencia, el escepticismo esperanzado, el socialismo cordial y la cultura popular; y que convierten al poeta en uno de los intelectuales más sobresalientes de la República. (shrink)

En este trabajo realizamos una revisión historiográfica sobre la fabricación de anatomías artificiales que fueron ampliamente demandadas como herramientas didácticas en la enseñanza de la naturaleza, entre finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XX. Se analizan los contextos educativos y sociales que favorecieron la amplia difusión de este tipo de artefactos en el comercio de la cultura científica, y se describen las técnicas de manufactura. Se concluye que estos artefactos, fruto del ingenio humano, son fuentes materiales de extraordinario valor (...) para comprender la construcción y evolución de la ciencia, los avances en los recursos pedagógicos y las innovaciones tecnológicas. (shrink)

La radicalidad ontológica que el comprender alcanza en Heidegger conduce a la ultimidad del sentido y la consecuente eventualización total del ser. Para Zubiri, esto implica una desfundamentación absoluta que ha de ser superada a través de una nueva radicalización del sentido en la realidad, es decir, a través del intento de rebasamiento de la hermenéutica heideggeriana. Reconstruiremos tal intento de recuperación de la realidad en el análisis de la inteligencia sentiente. Partiendo del físico (fáctico) estar presente de la realidad (...) en la aprehensión primordial, veremos cómo esta realidad va ponderando las modulaciones intelectivas ulteriores (logos y razón), actuando en ellas como elemento de fundamentación y sirviendo, en último término, a la constitución de los sistemas de referencia desde los que intentamos saber, a partir de un punto de vista racional, qué son las cosas más allá de su primera actualización en la inteligencia sentiente. En último término, mostraremos que para Zubiri la comprensión está montada sobre la aprehensión, y desempeña la importante tarea de dotar de unidad última al acto intelectivo. Este concepto de comprensión se hará cargo de muchas de las intuiciones correctas de la hermenéutica heideggeriana (como la asunción del pluralismo interpretativo o la incorporación de la temporalidad en la comprensión), pero sin que ello suponga la renuncia a toda instancia fundamentadora. (shrink)

Post‐translational modifications regulate each step of DNA replication to ensure the faithful transmission of genetic information. In this context, we recently showed that deubiquitination of SUMO2/3 and SUMOylated proteins by USP7 helps to create a SUMO‐rich and ubiquitin‐low environment around replisomes that is necessary to maintain the activity of replication forks and for new origin firing. We propose that a two‐flag system mediates the collective concentration of factors at sites of DNA replication, whereby SUMO and Ubiquitinated‐SUMO would constitute “stay” or (...) “go” signals respectively for replisome and accessory factors. We here discuss the findings that led to this model, which have implications for the potential use of USP7 inhibitors as anticancer agents. (shrink)

There is no doubt that the use of Internet for purchasing products and services has constituted a crucial change in how people go about buying them. In the era of digital transformation, the possibility of accessing information provided by other users about their personal experiences has taken on more weight in the selection and buying processes. On these lines, traditional word-of-mouth has given way to electronic word-of-mouth, which constitutes a major social change. This behavior is particularly relevant in the services (...) area, where potential users cannot in advance assess what is on offer. There is an abundant literature analyzing the effects of eWOM on different variables of interest in this sector. However, little is known about the factors that determine eWOM. Thus, the main objective of the present paper is to analyze the impact of two variables on eWOM. Both of them are crucial for potential customers in the process of finding hotel accommodations and they can motivate people to make such comments. The results demonstrate that these variables truly have a significant impact on whether or not users make comments on line. Moreover, it proved possible to observe certain differences according to the profile of the tourist involved and the destination where the hotel is located. In the current changing environment, this information is of great use for hotel managers in order to design strategies according to the type of guest they wish to attract. (shrink)

The aim of the study is to determine the association between Behavioral Lifestyles and longevity in the elderly. A search strategy was conducted in the PsycInfo, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The primary outcome was mortality/survival. Four variables were analyzed to evaluate the role of potential moderators. Ninety-three articles, totaling more than 2,800,000 people, were included in the meta-analysis. We found that the lifestyles analyzed predict greater survival. Specifically, doing regular physical activity, engaging in leisure activities, sleeping (...) 7–8 h a day, and staying outside the BMI ranges considered as underweight or obesity are habits that each separately has a greater probability associated with survival after a period of several years. (shrink)

In this article Bronislaw Malinowski’s ideas on humanism are analysed with reference to unpublished texts and drafts, published texts such as A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term, his personal letters to his wife Elsie Masson and articles in which his ideals were reflected. An attempt will also be made to set Malinowski’s proposal for the New Humanism in its scientific and cultural context along with the work of other great thinkers and humanists of his day. Finally, it (...) is suggested that Malinowski’s ideas in this field, despite the passage of time, are still relevant to social anthropology and, at the very least, still inspire new thoughts. (shrink)

This paper analyses the discussion between Foucault and Derrida on the subject of Cartesian doubt. In order to find a solution, the methodology applied retains some aspects of Foucault's analysis of discursive practices and, at the same time, goes beyond the intra-textual Derridian exegesis. In particular, the relevance of the Cartesian evil genius allows to read Cartesian philosophy in terms of baroque thought, instead of the classical rationalist reading of his works.

In this work we try to think about philosophy as a way of life in Zubiri and as opposed to Foucault. At the end of his life, Foucault considered that a philosophy understood as an attitude or self-care demanded the marginalisation of the veritational and humanist tendencies that were hegemonic in the philosophical tradition. But, precisely, from Zubiri we can think of a humanist philosophy as a way of life in which truth, as a moment of the transcendental order and (...) together with the rest of transcendental ones, becomes an essential element. Following this path will allow us to find a less theoretical Zubiri; even, relying on the best of the tradition that goes from Nietzsche to Foucault, to reconstruct in the Basque philosopher a form of active and productive nihilism, something that, in principle, his thought seems to repel. (shrink)

Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la percepción del alumnado universitario acerca de la utilización de la metodología Flipped Classroom. Se analizarán los resultados obtenidos de una experiencia docente basada en su uso, centrándose entre otros aspectos, en la satisfacción del alumnado, la comprensión de conocimientos y adquisición de competencias, el grado de implicación de profesores/as y alumnos/as, así como las ventajas e inconvenientes percibidos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran, entre otros beneficios, la percepción de una mejora en el (...) proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y un aumento en la calidad de la formación, así como en la satisfacción del alumnado. (shrink)

The present work consists on figuring out the problematic relationships between the Logic of the Period of Jena and the internal emergence of a Dialectical one to the own system. Dialectical is more than a simple general methodology of the knowledge.

The European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) is a groundbreaking regulatory framework that integrates technical concepts and terminology from the rapidly evolving ecosystems of AI research and innovation into the legal domain. Precise definitions accessible to both AI experts and lawyers are crucial for the legislation to be effective. This paper provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the concepts of AI system, general purpose AI system, foundation model and generative AI across the different versions of the legal text (Commission proposal, (...) Parliament position and Council General Approach) before the final political agreement. The goal is to help bridge the understanding of these key terms between the technical and legal communities and contribute to a proper implementation of the AI Act. We provide an analysis of the concept of AI system considering its scientific foundation and the crucial role that it plays in the regulation, which requires a sound definition both from legal and technical standpoints. We connect the outcomes of this discussion with the analysis of the concept of general purpose AI system and its evolution during the negotiations. We also address the distinct conceptual meanings of AI system vs AI model and explore the technical nuances of the term foundation model. We conclude that rooting the definition of foundation model to its general purpose capabilities following standardised evaluation methodologies appears to be most appropriate approach. Lastly, we tackle the concept of generative AI, arguing that definitions of AI system that include “content” as one of the system’s outputs already captures it, and concluding that not all generative AI is based on foundation models. (shrink)